Ergosterol peroxide is an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation, which has antiviral, trypanocidal, antitumor, and antiangiogenic actions, it can stimulate Foxo3a activity by inhibiting pAKT and c-Myc and activating pro-apoptotic protein Puma and Bax to induce cancer cell death.

Hierochin D is a natural product from Rehmannia glutinosa.

刺五加苷A1来自刺五加。